Ginger is a plant that is native to southern China. In the last decade and research on\nthe components of ginger has significantly increased; of these components, 6-shogaol exhibits\nthe greatest potential antitumor capacity. However, the molecular mechanism through which\n6-shogaol exerts its effects has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the effect of 6-shogaol on\ntumor cells that were derived from human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was evaluated. Cell viability\nwas determined by a (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay\ntesting different concentrations of 6-shogaol (2.5â??150 microM). Subsequently, the effect of 6-shogaol on\nreactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake, and protein expression of the signaling\npathway phosphatase and tensin homolog/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin\n(PTEN/Akt/mTOR) was measured. 6-Shogaol reduced the viability of the tumor cells and caused an\nincrease in ROS production, which was attenuated with the addition of N-acetylcysteine, and the\nrecovery of cell viability was observed. The increase in ROS production in response to 6-shogaol was\nassociated with cell death. Similarly, glucose uptake decreased with incremental concentrations of\n6-shogaol, and an increase in the expression of mTOR-p and Akt-p proteins was observed; PTEN was\nactive in all the treatments with 6-shogaol. Thus, the results suggest that cells activate uncontrolled\nsignaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR, among other alternative\nmechanisms of metabolic modulation and of survival in order to counteract the pro-oxidant effect of\n6-shogaol and the decrease in glucose uptake. Interestingly, a differential response was observed\nwhen non-cancerous cells were treated with 6-shogaol.
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